Setup Windows Vista

Ketika menjalankan Setup program Windows Vista, anda harus mengetahui informasinya bagaimana cara melakukan setup dan konfigurasi Windows Vista.  Perencanaan secara menyeluruh sebelum melakukan setup Windows Vista akan membantu anda untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah didalam setup. Pemahaman konfigurasi akan sangat membantu untuk memastikan setup itu sudah tamat atau belum.

Sebelum anda melakukan setup untuk Windows Vista, anda harus mengetahui beberapa hal yang perlu diketahui :

• Periksa terlebih dahulu keperluan sistem apakah sudah memenuhi syarat.
• Periksa compare-tibility software dan hardware anda
• Tentukan berapa banyak dan besarnya partition
• Tentukan workgroup atau domain untuk network
• Menyelesaikan beberapa setting selama didalam proses setup.

Setelah anda sudah yakin, mari kita lanjutkan ke langkah seterusnya untuk memulakan proses setup.

Mulai Proses Setup

Langkahnya, masukkan DVD Windows Vista anda ke dalam DVD Drive anda kemudian Reboot/Restart komputer anda. Kemudian akan terpapar proses loading setup.

Paparan GUI dibahagian Setup Program

Tidak seperti windows XP,  Windows Vista tidak memiliki phrase teks yang terlihat dari proses setup dan paparan langsung menuju ke mode Graphical User Interface (GUI). Setelah beberapa saat, paparan pertama akan anda lihat seperti ini :

Kemudian pilih butang next kecuali anda ingin mengubah konfigurasi bahasa, masa dan jenis papan kekunci. Biarkan semua setting ke default kecuali pada bahagian masa ubahkan kepada bahagian dari negara mana anda berasal. Kemudian tekan butang Install Now.

Setelah beberapa saat anda akan disuruh untuk mengisi product key / serial number.

Masukkan product key / serial number yang anda perolehi dengan membeli cd-dvd windows vista tersebut, biasanya terdapat dibahagian cover disk. Dan klik butang next. Kebiasaanya product key / serial number yang diperolehi sudah ditetapkan untuk anda pada penggunaan windows, pilih untuk vista ultimate...

Anda harus menyetujui syarat lesen diatas dan klik butang next. Kemudian anda harus memilih Type Custom (Advanced) :

Paparan upgrade tidak aktifkan terlebih dahulu jika setup ini dilakukan pada komputer baru atau tanpa sistem operasi. (Tidak mempunyai sistem operasi) Tahap berikutnya iaitu proses memilih partion untuk setup. Oleh kerana komputer dengan hardisk yang baru dan belum diformat sebelumnya, anda akan diberikan pilihan untuk membuat partion baru. Atau partion sebelumnya akan dihapus atau membuat tambahan partion yang lain. Klik saja pada butang advanced untuk memaparkan pilihan seperti gambar dibawah ini :

Oleh kerana kita tidak melakukan tambahan apapun, sekarang tinggal tekan butang apply. Selanjutnya setup akan membuat partion di semua ruang disk yang ada dan diformatkan.

Proses setup akan mulai menyalin data dari DVD ke hardisk anda.

Setelah puas anda  menunggu, proses setup akan melakukan pengecaman untuk melakukan update untuk sistem operasi. (waktu yang diperlukan bergantung dengan spesifikasi hardware komputer anda) Setelah itu komputer anda akan restart secara automatik.

Akhirnya setelah penantian yang panjang dimana proses setup sedang konfigurasi sistem. Sekali lagi setup Windows Vista akan mengira waktu yang diperlukan sesuai dengan kemampuan hardware komputer anda.

Dibahagian ini, anda akan diminta untuk memasukkan username dan password untuk pertama kali.

Apabila anda tekan butang next tanpa memasukkan password, maka sistem akan meminta untuk dimasukkan password dan amat sangat disarankan untuk memasukkan password dan pilihan password yang kompleks dan setidaknya minimum 7 karakter atau lebih seperti gabungan huruf dengan angka dengan besar kecilnya huruf sangat sensitif. Selain itu pilih paparan foto anda, tetapi pilihan ini boleh anda lakukan pada bahagian control panel / username and password nanti. Kalau ingin diganti, pilih salah satu dengan mengisi nama dari komputer anda. Kemudian secara automatik program akan membuat padanan dasar username yang anda pilih di pilihan sebelumnya tetapi anda boleh menggantikannya nanti. Selain itu anda boleh juga memilih background untuk paparan dekstop anda.

Nota : Setting ini sangat penting untuk dibuat jika komputer anda memiliki akses ke internet dan hendak melakukan update Sistem Operasi Vista anda dengan menggunakan Microsoft Windows Update (Automatic Updates)

Langkah selanjutnya pilih setting Time Zone dan kemudian pilih lokasi anda :

Akhirnya sudah selesai setup windows Vista.

Setelah menunggu beberapa lama dan beberapa paparan promosi, anda akan melihat proses lingkaran yang berputar dimana proses paparan Windows Vista untuk kali pertama. Setup sedang melakukan pengecamam hardware dan kupayaan komputer yang terdapat atau yang dipasang pada komputer anda.

Paparan untuk masuk ke window vista akan muncul

Windows melakukan setup desktop untuk anda, Windows melakukan update pada perisian e-mail

Paparan untuk windwos vista yang pertama kali sudah muncul dan anda sudah boleh memulakan penggunaan windows ataupun memasukkan apa-apa perisian tambahan yang dirasakan perlu untuk anda

Selamat Mencuba...

PakarPC No 23-1, Block A, No 2 Jalan Langkawi 53300 Setapak Kuala Lumpur FB:facebook.com/thepakarpc Hotline:1800-88-7508

Categories: Windows Setup

Secure home network

Two things are vital to keeping your network safe: proper settings and prudence.

• The first step is easy; you just need to adjust the settings on your router once.
• The second step, however, takes more effort. Whenever you're online, you'll need to be prudent about your activities.

Here are some router and network settings tips that will help keep your home network safe.

Before I begin, note that with most routers you'll need to access the Web interface to change the settings. You can read Home router setup in this series for the full details. For Apple products, you can customize the applicable settings via the AirPort Utility, which is freely downloadable and included in Mac OS 10.7 or later.

Without a Web interface, Apple's routers trade flexibility and features for immunity to certain types of hacking. You still want to use the AirPort Utility to create strong Wi-Fi and log-in passwords however.

1. Encrypt your Wi-Fi network
Give your Wi-Fi network, identified by its SSID (a string of characters), a password so that (ideally) only those users you know and trust can connect to your network. This password should be hard to guess, but easy to remember and type - even on a small smartphone keyboard. The password should be at least eight characters long and should include both numbers and letters. And if your router lets you use passwords with spaces, that's even better.

• Note that depending on the router, this password will be referred to in the Web interface as either the encryption key, the pass-key, the pre-shared key, or the passphrase.
• You also need to consider which industry security standards your router supports.

2. Change important default settings

A router comes with many default settings. Since those are set by the vendor, they are public knowledge. Using the default settings may help make the setup process easier, but it also makes your router more susceptible to unauthorized access.

The two settings that you should change to keep your router safe are its default IP address and default log-in password.

Making a strong router log-in password and turning off remote management and UPnP are a few ways to keep a router safer from intruders.

• First, in the Local Area Network (or LAN) setup part of the interface, set the router's IP address. You can change it to almost anything you want as long as the value of each dotted-decimal notation (the numbers separated by the dots in the IP address) is a number from 1 to 254. So for example, instead of the conventional 192.168.x.1, you can make it 10.11.12.13 or 1.2.1.2 or 20.21.22.23 and so on.
• Note that once you change the IP address, you'll need to use that new address to access the router's Web interface from then on. Also, avoid making the router's IP address the same as the IP assigned to your modem by your Internet service provider, called the WAN (wide-area network) IP address. ou can change the router's default log-in password via the Tools or Administration parts of the Web interface. 
  
  You can change the router's IP address to almost anything you want as long as the value of each dot-separated group is a number from 1 to 254. 
   
• Make sure that this password is hard to guess and different from the password used for the Wi-Fi network mentioned above.

3. Turn off remote access-related features

• Most routers are accessible over the Internet, so even when you're not at home you can remotely manage and use FTP (specifically for routers that come with a USB port to host an external hard drive for network storage)
• Also, you should turn off the UPnP feature. It lets a UPnP-compatible device change certain router settings without logging in to the Web interface, and it could be exploited by hackers.

4. Update the router's firmware

• Depending on the router, updating the firmware can take a few easy clicks, or you may have to first download the firmware and install it manually.
• Typically, firmware updates from the manufacturer help improve a router's performance and security.

5. Log out properly

• Make sure that you log out of the router's Web interface when you're finished making changes.
• Some interfaces have a log-out button, but with others you'll need to close the browser too

Bonus step: Turn on power line adapters' security features
Another thing that can easily be overlooked: if you use power line adapters in your network, it's a good idea to turn on their security features. This is especially important if you live in an apartment building, as unscrupulous neighbors could tap into your network by using an adapter in their homes.

That's it! If you follow these steps, your router and your home network will be more secure. If  have questions on keeping your network safe, send them usway via Facebook or Google+ or just post them in the comments section below.



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What is TELNET? What Does TELNET Do?

What is TELNET? What Does TELNET Do?

A terminal emulation program for TCP/IP networks such as the Internet.Telnet is an old computer protocol (set of programmatic rules). Telnet is famous for being the original Internet when the Net first launched in 1969. Telnet stands for 'telecommunications network' and was built to be form of remote control to manage mainframe computers from distant terminals. In those original days of large mainframe computers Telnet enabled research students and professors to 'log in' to the university mainframe from any terminal in the building. This remote log in saved researchers hours of walking each semester. While telnet pales in comparison to modern networking technology it was revolutionary in 1969 and Telnet helped pave the way for the eventual World Wide Web in 1989. While telnet technology is very old it is still in some use today by purists. Telnet has evolved into a new modern version of remote control called 'SSH'(Secure Shell Network Protocol) something that many modern network administrators use today to manage Linux and Unix computers from a distance.Telnet is a text-based computer protocol. Unlike Firefox or Google Chrome screens.Telnet screens are very dull to look at. Very different from Web pages that sport fancy images, animation and hyperlinks. Telnet is about typing on a keyboard. Telnet commands can be rather cryptic commands with example commands being 'z' and 'prompt% fg'. Most modern users would find Telnet screens to be very archaic and slow.

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Home router setup

 

Most routers' Web interfaces are similar and self-explanatory

But it doesn't have to be if you understand the most common way routers are managed: through the Web interface. The hardest part of using the Web interface is getting to it. It might seem like a daunting task to set up a new home router

In this post, I'll talk about how you can quickly set up any router by accessing its Web interface and manage it from any connected computer or even a tablet or smartphone.

Let's start with the basics.

1. What is a browser?
As you surf the Internet, the address bar automatically displays the current address of the Web page you're looking at whether you typed in the URL or got to it by clicking on a link such as one from within an e-mail or from another Web page. All browsers have an address bar where you can type in the Web address of a Web site  such as. After that, you hit Enter and the browser will let you browse (hence the name) the content of the site

Among the most popular browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, and Microsoft Internet Explorer. You'll find at least one of these browsers on any computer, tablet, or smartphone, and any of them can be used to manage a router's Web interface.

 2. Setting up the hardware
When you get a new router, setting up the hardware is very simple. (If this part of home networking is new to you, check out Wired Networking of this series first). All you need is a computer that has a network port (most computers do) and two network cables (a new router comes with at least one network cable). Follow these steps, regardless of what the router's included setup guide might say:

A). Connect the router's WAN port to your Internet source such as a DSL or cable modem using the first network cable. All home routers have just one WAN port (sometimes labeled the Internet port) this port is always separate from the other network ports and often is a different color to further differentiate it.

Note: If you do not have Internet access at home or want to have an isolated (non Internet-enabled) network, you can skip this step. Later on you can always complete this step when the Internet is available or needed.

B). Connect one of the router's LAN ports (most routers have four LAN ports) to the computer using the second network cable.

C). Plug the router into the power outlet using its power adapter as you would with most electronics. If the router has an on-off switch make sure the router is on. Many routers don't have this switch and will turn on as you plug it in.

That's it -- you have just finished the hardware setup.

3. Accessing the Web interface
The next step is to use the Web browser to display the router's Web interface. Basically, you will need two things: the router's URL which is always its default IP address and default log-in information. You'll find this information in the router's manual and sometimes it's printed on the underside of the router as well.

Most if not all home routers on the market have a default IP address in this format: 192.168.x.1, where depending on the vendor, x tends to be 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, or 11. For example, routers from Trendnet almost always have a default address of 192.168.10.1, while D-Link routers use 192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1.

And the log-in information is also quite predictable. The username (if any) is almost always admin and the password (if any) tends to be one of these: admin, password, default, or 1234.

Once you have gotten these two pieces of information, just type the router's IP address in the address bar of a browser on a connected computer, press Enter, and then enter the log-in information, after which you'll be greeted with the Web interface.

You can quickly find out the router's default address by using the ipconfig command on a Windows computer.

Also, from a connected computer, you can always find out what the current IP address is of the local network's router. This is helpful if a router's default IP address has been changed. On a Windows computer do this:

1. Run the command prompt (you can find it in the Start menu, or in Windows 8 just type cmd when you're at the Metro Start menu, then press Enter).
2. At the Command Prompt window, type in ipconfig then press Enter. You will see a lot of things, but the IP address following the Default Gateway is the address of the router

On a Mac, it's also quite easy to find out the default IP of the local network's router.

On a Mac: Click on the apple at the top left corner -> System Preferences -> Network -> Pick the current connected connection (it's likely the Ethernet) -> click on Advanced -> on the tab TCP/IP (first tab), the router's IP address is shown next to Router.

4. A new router's basic settings
Though the design of the Web interface is opened varies from one vendor to another, most of them have granular menus. Listed below are typical main menu items and what they do.

Wizard: You just have to go through and set up a few of the routers' settings, such as its log-in password (to be changed from the default -- you should definitely do this to keep your network secure) and the name and password for the Wi-Fi network (or networks, for dual-band routers). Many routers' interfaces show the wizard when the Web interface is accessed for the first time.

It's a good practice to save the router's current settings before making changes.

Setup section:
Wireless (or Wireless settings): Where you can customize the router's Wi-Fi network(s). You can pick the name of the network, change the password, turn the Wi-Fi Protected Setup feature on or off, and a lot more.
WAN (or Internet): Most of the time you should use the Auto setting for this section. However, some ISPs might require special settings; in those cases you can enter them here.
LAN (or Network settings): This is where you can change the local network settings, including the default IP address of the router itself. (Note that if you change the router's default IP address, which is recommended for security reason, you'll then need to use the new address to access the router's Web interface.) Here you can also change the range of IP addresses used for local clients, and add clients to the DHCP Reservation list. Once on this list, the clients' IP addresses will remain the same, which is required for some Internet applications. Most of the time, you don't need to change anything in this section at all.

Tools (or Administration) section:

Admin password (or Password): Change the router's password. This is the password required when you log in the router's Web interface.

System: Where you can back up the current settings of the router to a file, or restore settings from a file; update the router's firmware; and so on. It's always helpful to back up the router's settings before you make changes.
You'll find a lot more settings and features on a router's Web interface, and when have time, you should try them out. If worst comes to worst, you can turn to the last-resort step below to restore the router to its default settings.

5. The last resort
All routers come with a reset button. This is a tiny recessed button that can be found on the bottom or side of the device. Using something pointy, such as an unfolded paper clip, to press and hold this button for about 10 seconds (when the router is plugged into power) will bring its settings back to the factory default.

That's it for now. If you haven't found your questions answered, send them to us via Facebook, or Google+, or just post them in the comments section below.



PakarPC No 23-1, Block A, No 2 Jalan Langkawi 53300 Setapak Kuala Lumpur FB:facebook.com/thepakarpc Hotline:1800-88-7508

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Wi-Fi vs Internet

This is the Internet as it should be known.  

Wi-Fi: As mentioned in Wired Networking of this series, Wi-Fi is just an alternative to network cables as the way to connect devices of a local area network (LAN). By the way, most networking terms used in this post have been explained in Wired Networking; others will be explained here. Prior to Wi-Fi the only way to connect devices together was to run the physical network cables between them, which is very inconvenient.

The owner is in total control of the Wi-Fi network. He or she can change the name of the network, the password, the number of connected clients, allowing them to exchange data with one another or not, and so on.

This means involved devices can always work with one another to provide data sharing, printing, local media streaming, local network backups, and so on.

To connect a home Wi-Fi network to the Internet, the router needs to be connected to an Internet source, such as a broadband modem, via its WAN port. When this happens, the Wi-Fi signal of the local network will also provide the connection to the Internet for its connected clients. So Wi-Fi is just one way to bring the Internet to a device.

Internet: Generally known as the wide area network (WAN), the Internet connects computers from around the world together. In reality, as far as the current state of how the World Wide Web is run, the Internet actually connects many local networks together, via many routers

The Internet's speed has progressively increased in the last decade. The most they can do is pay for the desired connection speed and hope that they get what they pay for

For a Wi-Fi network, the speed of the local network depends on the standards used by the Wi-Fi router (access point) and the connected clients, and can sometimes be slower than a fast broadband Internet connection.

Types of broadband Internet connections

• Wired Internet (residential broadband): This is when you connect to the Internet using a physical cable, be it a telephone line (DSL) or a cable line (cable), or a fiber optic line (FIOS)
• Satellite Internet (satellite broadband): This is similar to the wired Internet but instead of connecting to the service provide via a cable, the home network connects to a satellite disk on the roof.
• Cellular Internet (wireless broadband): Cellular Internet uses the cell phone signal to carry data and connect the supported device directly to the Internet.
• Cellular Internet is generally expensive because it tends to come with very low monthly data caps (about 5GB or less) and customers have to pay more than the fixed monthly cost when they go over the allowance. This type of Internet access is very popular with mobile devices, including smartphones and tablets.

The Verizon version of the new iPad offers the Personal Hotspot feature, which enables users to share the tablet's 4G connection with other Wi-Fi devices.

The combination of Wi-Fi and Internet 

If you have a laptop, such as the MacBook Air, the best way to connect it to the Internet is via Wi-Fi since the machine doesn't come with a built-in network port, nor does it support a cellular connection. At home or at the office, this can be done via a Wi-Fi-enabled router that connects to a residential broadband Internet connection. When you're on the go, however, you can't bring the router or especially the residential broadband Internet connection with you.

This is a little device that connects to the Internet using a cellular connection and then shares that connection via its own built-in Wi-Fi network. As mentioned above, the prime example of the combination of Internet and Wi-Fi is a mobile hot spot, such as those on this list.

A mobile hot spot lets more than one Wi-Fi-enabled device to share a single cellular connection.

PakarPC No 23-1, Block A, No 2 Jalan Langkawi 53300 Setapak Kuala Lumpur FB:facebook.com/thepakarpc Hotline:1800-88-7508

Categories: info

How to Find the MAC Address of Your Computer

---> Introduction to MAC ADDRESS

*** How to Find the MAC Address of Your Computer

Here have few steps to get the MAC Address form Your Computer

STEPS :

-> Using WINDOWS VISTA,7 or 8 :

1.Connect to a network. This method is only applicable if you are currently connected. Make sure to connect with the interface that you need the MAC Address for (Wi-Fi is you you are your wireless card’s MAC address, Ethernet if you need your wired card’s MAC address).

2.Click on the connection icon at the system tray. It may look like a small graphic (like the image below) or like a tiny computer monitor.then click on select "Open Network and Sharing Center".

3.Find the name of your network connection and click on it. It will be located right after the word Connections. This will open a small window.

4.Click on the Details it will open a list of configuration information about the connection, similar to what appears when you use the IPConfig tool in the Command  Prompt.

5.Look for Physical Address it is your MAC Address.

OR

1. Go to START Type "CMD".

2. Click on The "COMMAND PROMPT".it will be appear.

3.At the command prompt, type "ipconfig /all" and press Enter. This will display configuration information for all of your network connections.

4.Look for Physical Address. This is another way to describe your MAC Address. Make sure you get the PHYSICAL Address of the correct network adapter - usually there are several listed. For example, your wireless connection will have a different MAC Address than your Ethernet connection.

( How to Find the MAC Address of Your Phone )

*** Using ANDROID OS

*** Using WINDOWS Phone.






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Categories: How to

Introduction to MAC Address

---> Introduction to MAC ADDRESS

In computer networking, the Media Access Control (MAC) Address is every bit as important as an IP address. Learn in this article how MAC addresses work and how to find the MAC addresses being used by a computer.

WHAT IS THE MAC ADDRESS?

The MAC address is a unique value associated with a network adapter. MAC addresses are also known as hardware addresses or physical addresses. They uniquely identify an adapter on a LAN(LOCAL AREA NETWORK).MAC Addresses are 12-digit hexadecimal numbers (48 bits in length). By convention, MAC addresses are usually written in one of the following formats like this(MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS)

The first half of a MAC address contains the ID number of the adapter manufacturer. These IDs are regulated by an Internet standards body (see sidebar). The second half of a MAC address represents the serial number assigned to the adapter by the manufacturer. 

Exp :
  00:A0:C9:14:C8:29

The prefix : 00A0C9

indicates the manufacturer is Intel Corporation.


WHY MAC ADDRESS IS IMPORTANT?

Recall that TCP/IP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL) and other mainstream networking architectures generally adopt the OSI model (OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION MODEL). In this model, network functionality is subdivided into layers. MAC Addresses function at the data link layer (is a layer 2 in the OSI model). They allow computers to uniquely identify themselves on a network at this relatively low level.

MAC ADDRESS VS IP ADDRESS

Whereas MAC Addressing works at the data link layer(LAYER 2) and IP Addressing functions at the network layer (LAYER 3). It is a slight oversimplification but one can think of IP Addressing as supporting the software implementation and MAC addresses as supporting the hardware implementation of the network stack. The MAC Address generally remains fixed and follows the network device but the IP Address changes as the network device moves from one network to another IP  networks maintain a mapping between the IP Address of a device and its MAC Address. This mapping is known as the ARP cache or ARP table. ARP(the Address Resolution Protocol)supports the logic for obtaining this mapping and keeping the cache up to date. DHCP(DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL) also usually relies on MAC Addresses to manage the unique assignment of IP Addresses to devices.

*** How to Find the MAC Address of Your Computer

*** How to Find the MAC Address of Your Phone















































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